Background: Identification of common infections and their effective factors among transplant recipients plays a major role in prevention and control of these disorders. This study aimed to survey post-transplant early infections and their major risk factors.Methods: This prospective study was performed on 582 transplanted patients in Namazi transplant center from 2011 to 2013. These patients were followed up regarding the incidence of any kind of infection through Para clinical experiments for 6 months after transplantation. The patients who referred with clinical symptoms were followed, as well. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 19.Results: In this study, 140 patients experienced 194 types of infections during 6 months, 106 of whom had 133 kinds of infections which were mostly bacterial within the first month. Besides, 50 patients experienced 61 types of infections between the first and the sixth month. Bacterial infections comprised most of the cases within the first 6 months after transplantation. Among the risk factors, length of hospital stay (P=0.048 and OR=1.018) and MELD score (P=0.044 and OR=1.035) were significantly associated with post-transplant infections.Conclusion: The study findings showed that MELD score and length of hospital stay were significantly related to increase in the incidence of post-transplant early infections. Besides, most of these infections occurred within the first month after transplantation due to treatment processes and hospital infections. After the first month, opportunistic infections were common among the patients. By knowing these common infections and their risk factors, we can increase the readiness of the transplantation team for preventing and controlling these infections.

Background: We aimed to determine the frequency of liver copper storage diseases in Iranian children with cryptogenic chronic liver disease (CLD).Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty children (52 girls, 70 boys; age range: 3 months-14 years) with CLD who attended Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran during the years 1997 through 1999, were enrolled. All viral, metabolic and autoimmune causes of CLD were excluded in them, all underwent slit lamp examination for KF ring by an experienced ophthalmologist, and liver biopsy done on all of them. In addition to the routine histopathologic examination, the liver biopsy specimen was checked for its copper content with proton-induced X-ray method (PIX-E).Results: Eight (6.6%, 4 girls, 4 boys, age: 6 to 14 years) of the 122 children with CLD had no identifiable cause despite extensive evaluation.All 8 had cirrhosis on liver biopsy and elevated hepatic copper content (mean 31 times normal). None had KF rings and all had normal serum Ceruloplasmin levels. NICC was diagnosed for all by the absence of KF ring, normal serum ceruloplasmin levels and pathognomic histopathologic findings. Mean hepatic Cu level showed a 7-fold increase in children with CLD other than NICC. Mean serum ceruloplasmin level was 45 mg/dl in NICC and 31 mg/dl in CLD patients. Mean 24-hour urinary Cu excretion was 225 mg and 76 mg in NICC and CLD patients, respectively. All patients with NICC (n=8) had the history of using cooking utensils made of copper. Four of these were from one family.Conclusion: According to our data 6.6% of Iranian children with CLD who diagnosed as cryptogenic cirrhosis suffer from NICC, Therefore early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with D-Penicillamin are important for survival in patients with NICC. Hence it is suggested that all children with cryptogenic cirrhosis be assessed for NICC.

Background: According to some researches in recent years, Blastocystis is considered as the etiological agent of some gastrointestinal disorders. This parasite is polymorphic and its detection is not easy under the microscope. Because of this problem, several microscopic based studies have already reported different Blastocystis infection rates. Application of culture methods increases the chance of diagnosis of this parasite. The in vitro culture of Blastocystis in Liver Infusion Tryptose (LIT) medium is described for the first time in this study.Materials and Methods: Liver Infusion Tryptose (LIT) containing 10% fetal calf serum in screw-capped tubes was used. Samples incubated in 37°c and examined after 24, 48 and 72 hours.Results: 420 fresh stool samples were tested by LIT culture method and 100 positive samples (23.8%) of Blastocystis sp. were detected. while only 64 samples (15.2%) were positive with direct smear examination.Conclusion: This study highlights the same sensitivity of this culture media and other regular cultures media and it introduces a new medium for Blastocystis sp. detection.

Introduction. This fascinating disorder is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is very rare, probably less than 1000 cases reported in the literature. R.D.D affects lymph nodes, although extranodal involvement has been reported such as: Centaral nervous system (CN.S). All of the cases of R.D.D with CN.S involvement without other sites involvement are 11 cases. Methods. The case is a male patient, 26y/o, with a history of head trauma 2 years ago that has been resulted to unconsciousness. He has been referred to a hospital and brain CT scan and brain M.R.I has been done for him. In M.R.I a brain tumor with left orbit and sphenoidal sinus involvement and compression effect on frontal lobe has been seen. A neurosurgeon operated him and the pathological report was Rosai-Dorfman disease. Then he was referred to radiation therapy department.Results. Treatment approach in CN.S involvement cases consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Discussion. Over all, response has been inferior to those expected with malignant hematopoietic neoplasms.